Eduroam with Linux (incl. Android!)

The guide my university supplied did not work after all with Linux. So I used an alternative guide, which also turned out to be working for Android:

Security: WPA2 Enterprise

Authentification Tunneled TLS (TTLS)

Anonymous Identity: none

CA-Certifikate: (none)

Inner Authentification: MSCHAP2

User: user@your-uni.com (as in the Windows settings guide of your home university)
password: your password, as in windows.