Listing files / directory
- ls : list all file(s) / directory
- ls -l : list / display with a long listing atributes
- ls -a : display all file(s) and directory including hidden files(s) / directory ( starting with . )
- ls -S : display with the biggest size first
- ls -ltr : display longlist with most recent at last
- ls -r : display with a reverse sort order
cat text-file
i.e
cat readme.txt
File access right
Add write permissions to the current user :
- chmod u+w file-name
Add read permission to users in the file group
- chmod g+r file-name
Add read + write permissions to all users :
- chmod a+rw file-name
Make the whole directory and its contents accessible by all users :
- chmod -R a+rx directory-name
gzip file-name (.gz format)
bzip file-name (.bz2 format)
lzma file-name (.lzma format)
Uncompress
gunzip file.gz
bunzip2 file.bz2
unzlma file.lzma
Tape Archive
Create a compressed archive
tar zcvf archive.tar.gz dir
tar jcvf archive.tar.bz2 dir
tar lzma cvf archive.tar.lzma
Test (list) a compressed archive:
tar ztvf archive.tar.gz
tar jtvf archive.tar.bz2
tar lzma tvf archive.tar.lzma
Extract the contents of a compressed archive:
tar zxvf archive.tar.gz
tar jxvf archive.tar.bz2
tar lzma xvf archive.tar.lzma
tar options:
c: create
t: test
x: extract
j: on the fly bzip2 (un)compression
z: on the fly gzip (un)compression
Handling zip archives
zip r archive.zip
unzip t archive.zip (test / list)
unzip archive.zip (extract)
Basic Administration
Reboot macine (now)
sudo reboot
Reboot the machine in times minutes :
i.e
Reboot machine in next 5 minutes
sudo shutdown -r +5
Shutdown machine
sudo halt
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